Fundamental of anatomy and physiology

Fundamental of anatomy and physiology

1. Anatomy

* made up of two words ana and tomy means study of shape and size.

* Human anatomy refers to study of human body.

2. Importance of anatomy

* know about parts of body

* prevent from injury

* help in process of rehalation

* Selection of sports.

* To do first aid.

3. Function of bones

*provide support and protection.

*it gives shape, acts as lever and it instrument of locomotion.

4. Classification of bone

* Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamiod bone

5. Type of joints

* Immovable, slightly movable, freely movable joints.

6. Type of muscles

(a) Voluntary muscles -great shape, respond quickly and get easily fatigue

(b) Involuntary muscle – opposite to voluntary muscle.

7. Function of muscles

* function of cardiac muscles.

* provide support to skeleton.

* maintain posture and help in movement.

8. Type of respiration

(a) External - taking and out of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively

(b) Internal – exchange of O₂ and CO₂.

9. Type of circulation

*systematic and pulmonary

10. Function of circulatory system

* Regulate temperature

* carry hormone and energy

* protect from disease and circulate the blood.

* Exchange of nutrients.

5. Somato types (body types)

(a) Endomorph (small height and fatty)

(b) Mesomorph (tall and thin)
(c) Ectomorph (very long and thin also)